Gender equality in the labour market and in employment requires equal access for both women and men to all opportunities provided within the market, including remunerative work in general, in a variety of areas and workplaces. Despite the positive changes in promoting equality between women and men that have been achieved since Uzbekistan`s independence, ensuring gender equality in the country`s labour market continues to remain among issues to be addressed. The goal of this policy paper is to analyse the existing positions of women and men in the employment market in Uzbekistan, to define and analyse key causes of gender differentiation in the labour market, and to develop recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of the state employment policy in order to ensure the full realisation of the labour potential of women.